Analysis of the prevalence of Chagas disease using a conservation medicine approach in Colombia
Keywords:
Health, Disease Ecology, Vectors, Public Health, ZoonosesAbstract
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted mainly through the bite of triatomine insects, known as "kissing bugs", which defecate on the victim's skin after feeding on their blood. Infection can also occur through blood transfusions, organ transplants, from mother to child during pregnancy, and through consumption of contaminated food. Chagas disease has two phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase, which lasts a few weeks or months, is often asymptomatic or presents mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, swelling of one eye (Romagna sign) and lesions at the site of the bite. Without treatment, the infection can progress to the chronic phase, which can remain asymptomatic for years or decades. However, 20-30% of those infected develop serious complications, such as heart disease, megacolon or megaesophagus. Triatomines are essential in the transmission of Chagas disease. These insects feed on the blood of animals and humans, and in doing so, they can transmit the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. After biting, triatomines defecate near the wound, allowing the parasite to enter the body through the skin or mucous membranes. Control of these vectors is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. Improving housing conditions, using insecticides, and educating communities about hygiene practices are effective measures to reduce the incidence of the disease.
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